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776 - 481 BC

The rise of Greek Art and Science

The initial Pan Hellenic Olympiad that has been commemorated for ages represents a milestone in history. The period is characterized by the unveiling of the two Greek inscriptions inscribed in a pioneering alphabetic format that merged five vowels from Linear B with the consonant centric Phoenician script. In this era city states (known as poleis) began to emerge not in Greece but along its Mediterranean shores focusing especially on the Black Sea region. For five centuries, over time groups of people established their settlements in regions, particularly in Southern Italy which was famously named Magna Graecia back then. The development of trade and the sharing of ideas among these growing communities played a role in influencing artistry, creativity and philosophical thoughts as well as governance systems. Paving the way, for what we know as the Classical Age today. During this era of Greece lived notable individuals, like Sappho and Alcaeus and painters such as Nearchos and Exekias who contributed significantly to the cultural flourishing of the time.

A short History of Nearly Everything

Pythia of Delphi

Oracle of Wisdom

Pythia of Delphi was an enigmatic figure shrouded in the mystique of ancient Greece. Known as a wise priestess of Apollo, she held a position of great respect and influence in the prestigious Oracle of Delphi. Her life story, though not widely documented, is a fascinating glimpse into the blend of wisdom, spirituality, and power in the classical world.

Pythia was famed for her profound insights and virtuous teachings. It is believed that her wisdom greatly influenced the philosopher Pythagoras, whom she mentored. Her teachings on morality, ethics, and the harmony of the soul resonated deeply with Pythagoras, shaping his philosophical outlook and contributions to Western thought.

Living in an era where women’s voices were often overshadowed, Themistoclea stood as a beacon of intellect and spiritual authority. Her connection to the divine through the Oracle gave her words incredible power, reaching beyond the temple’s marble walls to influence leaders and thinkers far and wide. As she shared her insights with those who sought her counsel, she not only answered queries about personal and political dilemmas but also imparted lessons on the greater cosmic order and the path to inner peace.

Delphi, with its breathtaking views of Mount Parnassus and the ancient ruins, served as both her home and her canvas. Enveloped in the sacred ambiance of the temple, Themistoclea’s life revolved around rituals that celebrated the gods and sought their guidance. Through her, the spirit of Apollo spoke, guiding individuals and influencing the trajectory of Greek thought and culture.

Today,  Pythia is remembered as a pioneering woman of wisdom whose legacy continues to echo in the philosophical teachings of celebrated figures she inspired. Her story remains a testament to the timeless power of knowledge and spirituality in shaping human history.

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From Oral Tradition to Written Word

The Transformative Impact of the Greek Alphabet 

The Greek alphabet, developed in pre classical Greece around the 8th century BC, marked a significant advancement in communication and culture. Prior to its invention, the oral tradition dominated, with stories of gods and heroes passed down through generations. While effective for preserving history, this method presented challenges in documenting trade agreements, laws, and daily activities, especially as commerce flourished and societies grew more complex.

Inspired by the Phoenician writing system, artisans in various Greek communities began adapting these symbols to represent their spoken language. This monumental shift allowed for the creation of distinct letters, each corresponding to specific sounds. By doing so, the Greeks did not merely adopt another culture’s system; they enhanced it, adding vowels that enriched their phonetic range.

One after the other, Greek villages witnessed the introduction of a new script that played a crucial role in transforming how the villagers communicated, leading to the recording of trade transactions and cultural tales. Initially met with skepticism by some elders, who feared that writing would diminish the vibrancy of oral storytelling, the alphabet ultimately became a tool for preserving and sharing narratives, rather than replacing the art of storytelling.

As the Greek alphabet spread across the Mediterranean, it laid the groundwork for literacy in the ancient world. It enabled the rise of philosophy, history, and drama, connecting communities and preserving their voices for posterity. Thus, the Greek alphabet fundamentally transformed pre classical Greek society, intertwining language, culture, and commerce leaving a lasting legacy.

Related Stories from the Pre-Classical Age

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